is a 501(c)3 non-profit established for the protection and restoration of native habitats. We incorporated in 1995 and were recognized by the IRS as a 501(c)3 tax-exempt organization in 1996; our final ruling by the IRS came in 2001.

The presence of native habitats and the species that depend upon them defies purpose or direction. The complex matrix of interactions between native species and their surroundings allows only an approximation of their ecology and our culture’s need for utility further simplifies plant and animal communities into market items. We have looked at native habitats as something to control; and as endless but clearly this is not the case. Despite our society’s desperate need to reduce everything to a fiscal value the presence of native habitats and wildlands remains an essential component of the human experience contributing to our quality of life, providing a reflection on the health of the human ecology and as a source of humility for the human species.

Anthropogenic impacts to native habitats are extensive. Anthropogenic impacts include changes in age class in vegetation communities; changes in hydrology and geomorphology; and introduced species. The only way many species populations will recover will be through the restoration of the habitats that they depend upon. Restoration is best thought of as the removal of anthropogenic impacts. When discussing habitat protection and restoration needs for native habitats of California we feel that it is important to reference a point in time capable of providing a ‘negative control’, a fixed time predating the imposition of anthropogenic changes that have effected the physical and biological processes that contribute to an organism’s ecology.

The date of 1850 provides a useful perspective in assessing the health of California’s ecosystems and an important reference for the design and implementation of restoration. While native habitats suffered many changes following European settlement (cattle grazing, introduced plant species, fur trade), statehood brought the industrial revolution to California. The magnitude and intensity of anthropogenic activities increased dramatically subsequent to joining the Union with the spoils of extraction industries and landscape manipulation dumped into our rivers and wetlands. Anthropgenic impacts absent from the California landscape before 1850 include:

• hydraulic mining: A billion cubic yards of sediment were released into rivers, delta and San Francisco Bay
• industrial logging
• mechanized agriculture in the Central Valley and coastal regions
• levy construction and channelization of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
• damming of Sierra Nevada and coastal rivers
• California Water Project: capture and transport of water from the Sierra Nevada snow pack
• railroad/highway construction through estuaries, lagoons and wetlands
• introduction of bullfrogs, Eucalyptus. Large mouth bass, stripped bass
• filling of San Francisco Bay